This paper maps the evolution of Sino-Kazakh nuclear cooperation, examines the interests that drive it, and considers the opportunities and risks that may emerge as the relationship deepens.
The feminization of migration in Turkmenistan is not a separate phenomenon running alongside remittance dependence and exit controls. It is what those two forces, in tension with each other, have produced.
A systematic test of Kazakhstan's eGov Mobile AI assistant finds that Kazakh-speaking citizens consistently receive less complete and less accurate information than Russian speakers, raising questions about language parity in the country's digital public services.
